Ubushinwa bukoresha tungsten mu gihugu bwakomeje kuba hafi kuri toni 10,000 / umwaka.Nk’uko raporo zibyerekana, ikoreshwa rya tungsten mu Bushinwa ryari toni 9.200, toni 9.400 na toni 9.500 mu 1994-1996, naho biteganijwe ko ikoreshwa rya tungsten mu Bushinwa rizaba toni 11.500 mu 2000. Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, imiterere y’imikoreshereze ya tungsten muri Ubushinwa bwagiye buhinduka bucece.Imibare irerekana ko kuva mu 1980 kugeza 1985, imiterere y’imikoreshereze ya tungsten yo gukora ibyuma yari 61% by’ibicuruzwa byose, bingana na benshi;?Kuva mu 1986 kugeza 1990, igipimo cya tungsten gikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma cyaragabanutse kugera kuri 48%, mu gihe igipimo cya tungsten gikoreshwa muri karbide ya sima cyiyongereye kugera kuri 28%.Kuva mu 1991 kugeza 1995, uko umusaruro wa karbide ya sima wagabanutse, igipimo cya tungsten gikoreshwa muri karbide ya sima cyarenze icya tungsten cyakoreshwaga mu gukora ibyuma, kigera kuri 50% by’ibicuruzwa byose byakoreshwaga mu gihugu, mu gihe igipimo cya tungsten cyakoreshejwe mu gukora ibyuma cyaragabanutse kugera kuri hafi. 40%.
Biragaragara ko ihinduka ryimiterere ya tungsten ikoreshwa mubushinwa rifitanye isano itaziguye no gukora karbide ya sima.None, ni ubuhe buryo bwo gukora karbide ya sima mu Bushinwa?Kugeza ubu umusaruro wa karbide mu Bushinwa.
UbushinwaCarbideinganda zatangiye hagati ya 1950, kandi nubwo gahunda yinganda yashinzwe nyuma yimyaka mirongo itatu ugereranije no mubihugu byateye imbere muburasirazuba nuburengerazuba, umuvuduko witerambere ryayo nubunini bwibikorwa byayo byari bitangaje kwisi.By'umwihariko mu myaka ya za 90, mu ivugurura no gufungura no kuzamura ubukungu bushingiye ku isoko, umusaruro wa karbide ya sima wagiye wiyongera cyane.Kugeza ubu, mu Bushinwa hari abakora karbide 150 za sima, bafite umusaruro wa toni 9,000-10,000 / ku mwaka.Umusaruro rusange ngarukamwaka ni toni 7000-7500, bingana na 21% by’umusaruro rusange w’umwaka ku isi, ukaba urenze Amerika, Suwede, Umuryango w’ibihugu by’ibihugu by’ibihugu by’Uburayi ndetse n’ibindi bihugu bifite sisitemu y’inganda ya karbide yateye imbere mu musaruro hakiri kare kandi ku isi ya mbere ku isi .Mugihe cya 8 cyimyaka 5 yimyaka 5, impuzandengo yumwaka wa karbide ya sima mu Bushinwa yari toni 6528 (umusaruro mwinshi wumwaka ni toni 7540 muri 1994), naho impuzandengo yumwaka yakoreshejwe ni toni 5894 (ikoreshwa ryumwaka ni toni 6620) .Nk’uko abahanga babitangaza, mu gihe cya cyenda cy’imyaka itanu y’imyaka itanu, impuzandengo y’umusaruro ngarukamwaka wa karbide ya sima mu Bushinwa uziyongeraho 6%, ni ukuvuga ko impuzandengo y’umwaka izagera kuri toni 6976.Abahanga bamwe bakoresha umurongo ugereranije kugirango bahuze ibyuma na sima ya karbide mu Bushinwa mugihe cyimyaka icyenda yimyaka itanu.Imibare yimibare yakozwe kugirango ibare ibipimo bibiri bya GDP.
Icya gatatu, gutunganya no gukoresha imyanda n'ibisigisigikarbidenk'inzira yo kuzuza ibura ry'umutungo kamere
Umutungo kamere ni muto, kandi inzogera yo gutabaza yo gutakaza inyungu zumutungo wa tungsten yagiye yumvikana mumatwi yacu.Mu guhangana n'iki kibazo kibi, abahanga bakoze ingamba nyinshi zo guhangana n'ingamba zo gukemura.Muri byo, uburyo bwo gutunganya no gukoresha ibisigazwa bisigaye bya tungsten karbide byagaragaye ko ari gahunda ikuze, ikora neza kandi ifatika.Nuburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ikiguzi cyumusemburo wa karbide mugihe cyibiti byinshi bya tungsten karemano, hamwe ningingo yingenzi yo gukemura ikibazo cyo kubura amikoro muri iki gihe ndetse no mugihe kizaza mugihe tungsten mbisi isanzwe igenda igabanuka.Urwego rwo gukoresha mu buryo bwuzuye umutungo ukoreshwa ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi byerekana iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'iterambere ry'ubukungu bw'igihugu ndetse n'umushinga.Mubyukuri, ibihugu byateye imbere muburasirazuba no muburengerazuba bimaze gushyiramo gutunganya no gukoresha imyanda isigara yimyanda mubikorwa bisanzwe.Kugeza ubu, gutunganya no gukoresha imyanda isigaye ya sima isigaranye igera kuri 30-40% yumusaruro wumwaka.Buri mwaka Ubushinwa bukoresha ibyuma bya tungsten bugera kuri toni 10,000, niba bushobora kugera kuri 40% by’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu mahanga, inyungu z’ubukungu n’ingaruka zo kuzuza umutungo bizaba ari byinshi cyane.Fata karbide ya sima nkurugero, umusaruro wose wa karbide ya sima mu Bushinwa mu 1994 wari toni 7540, ukurikije imibare yo kugarura 40%, ntidushobora kugarura toni zigera ku 3000 zicyuma cya tungsten, ariko kandi toni zigera kuri 240 zicyuma cya cobalt. .Ukurikije imibare yo gukoresha toni 2 za tungsten yibanze kuri buri toni 1 ya karbide ya sima yakozwe, ikoreshwa rya tungsten rishobora kugabanuka hafi toni 6000.Nta gushidikanya ko bizagira uruhare runini mu kugabanya ibura ry'umutungo.Ibihe byibanze byo gutunganya no gukoresha karbide zishaje mu Bushinwa muri iki giheIbisigazwa bya karbide bisigaye tuvuga hano birimo ibice bibiri: kimwe nibicuruzwa bitujuje ibyangombwa mubikorwa byo gukora;ikindi nigikoresho cyakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya karbide (blade, imitwe yogosha, ibishushanyo, nibindi).
Ukurikije imibare ituzuye, igiteranyo cyakarbide isigayebikorerwa mu Bushinwa ni toni zigera kuri 3500 ku mwaka.Nk’uko abanyamahanga bakora karbide babitangaza, mu bikoresho bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bya karbide, muri rusange, 12-25% by’ibikoresho byo gusudira bishobora gusubirwamo;65-70% bya karbide ishaje irapfa (gukubita bipfa, gukanda bipfa, gushushanya bipfa, nibindi) birashobora gukoreshwa;95-97% yimashini isakara yinjizamo irashobora gukoreshwa.
Ubushinwa bwatangiye gutunganya no gukoresha karbide isakaye ugereranije.Mu 1983, ingano yo gutunganya yari toni 300 gusa, bingana na 8% by'umusaruro muri uwo mwaka;muri 1985, yiyongereye kugera kuri toni zirenga 400, bingana na 10% by'umusaruro muri uwo mwaka.bingana na 10% by'umusaruro muri uwo mwaka.Muri mirongo cyenda, umurimo wo gutunganya ibintu wagize iterambere ryinshi.Ubu mu gihugu hari abakora karbide zirenga 150 za sima mu gihugu, ntabwo inganda zigera kuri 60 ziciriritse n’iziciriritse zifite tungsten ibikoresho fatizo ahanini biva mu bicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza, ni ukuvuga urugero rw’uruganda rwa Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide na Zigong Cemented Carbide Limited Liability Company. .Kugeza ubu, ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu gihugu biri hejuru ya toni 1500, bingana na 20% cyangwa birenga by’umusaruro rusange wa karbide ya sima mu Bushinwa kandi uri hafi y’Ubuyapani.Uburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gutunganya ibisigazwa bisigaye bya sima ya karbide biruzuye,?s uburyo bwo gushonga zinc, uburyo bwo gushonga amashanyarazi nuburyo bwo guhonyora imashini bukoreshwa neza.Ifumbire mvaruganda ya tungsten karbide yifu (WC) nifu ya cobalt (Co), ifite ubuziranenge buhebuje, irashobora gukoreshwa mugukora karbide, diyama yubukorikori, ibikoresho byinganda zicyuma nibindi bicuruzwa.Hariho uturere twinshi aho imirimo yo gutunganya no gutunganya ibikorwa ikora cyane, muribi harimo: Zhuzhou na Changsha muri Hunan;Zigong muri Sichuan;Qinghe mu Ntara ya Hebei;Jinan mu Ntara ya Shandong;Mudanjiang mu Ntara ya Heilongjiang, n’ibindi.
词典
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-02-2023
